In old researches about music, it has been clarified that music basically belongs to the nature and, consequently, natural elements. It is supposed that this science is derived from the natural sounds, especially from the sounds of sweet-singing birds.Through research in old mythological narrations, and literary texts, one could assume an intrinsic relationship between music and such sweet-singing mythological birds as phoenix, sphinx, Song-song, holy birds like Kership-tah, and other birds including swan and ring dove.

The financial crisis of 2007-2008 has been the subject of research in different ways. The role of quantitative models and mathematical theories in the occurrence of this crisis and the other complications that such models cause in financial markets is the main theme of the book “, Lecturing birds on Flying”, . By explaining the role of the educational system in creating a gap between theory and practice and the role of Quants in promoting and applying quantitative and computational models, the author gives a different account of the causes of financial crises. In this article, while examining the form and content of this work, by analyzing the theme as well as textual analysis techniques, the most important themes of this work as well as its foundations and place in the texts of financial knowledge are reviewed. Criticism of models such as value at risk, option pricing model, and copula functions has shown their contribution to bankruptcies and crises and has suggested that reform of the management and economics education system would make the financial models more realistic.

More than 90 percent of air strikes are related to the presence of birds. Payam airport is located in the southwest of Karaj City. The proximity of this airport to Halghe-Darreh landfill has led to the attraction of birds to this airport. In this study, the risk of bird strikes with airplanes was investigated. To do so, field survey mthod was carried out in all four seasons of 2019, from spring to winter. Results showed that nine species of birds were present at the airport. The probability and the severity of strike variables were in the medium and low class, respectively; therefore, the matrix of risk assessment of bird strikes lies in the green category, which shows low risk. To minimize the probability of bird strikes with airplanes, a long-term approach is that airplanes should not be near the important areas for birds or the route of their flight. The most effective ways to control birds are those which decrease carrying capacity of airplane for birds. Moreover, frightening methods should be selected periodically to avoid birds’ habituation. Airport personnel should monitor bird’s presence and all the strikes should be recorded. Finally, the proper management of wastes in Halghe-Darreh landfill near the airport has a positive effect in lowering the number of birds at the airport.

There are 61 species in 14 families of fish-eating birds in Iran. The fish-eating birds of the north of Iran belong to 41 species in 10 families which include 67.2 percent of total fish eating bird species and 71% of fish-eating bird’s family of Iran. Resident birds constitute 13% of the fish eating birds of the Caspian Sea coasts and the rest are migratory in autumn and winter. There exist 3 globally threatened species of fish-eating birds of the world at the north of Iran, which are Oxyura leucocephala, Phalacrocorax pygmeus, and Pelecanus crispus wintering in the south coast wetlands of the region. Seventeen percent of the fish-eating birds of the north of Iran are aquatic, 5% terrestrial and 78 % wadding. The Phalacrocorax carbo and Phalacrocorax pygmeus are wintering and breeding migratory in the wetlands of the region, which feed in the fish ponds and wetlands. The main habitats of fish-eating birds are Miankaleh and Amirkelayeh wildlife refuge, Anzaly marsh and Gomishan Ramsar Sites. Oxyura lecucephala, Phalacrocorax pygmeus and Pelecanus crispus are protected species in Iran and the rest are not allowed to be eaten by Islamic rule, for the same reason they are not being threatened by Muslim men.

Background and Objective: Chlamydia, a zoonotic bacterial agent, is a major concern for both human and avian public health. This bacterium belongs to the family Chlamydiaceae, with 11 identified species. The Chlamydia psittaci (C. psittaci) species is shared between animal hosts and humans. Ornamental birds are among the hosts of C. psittaci. This bacterium causes respiratory and gastrointestinal problems in these birds. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of chlamydial infection in ornamental birds in Urmia, Iran. Methods: This descriptive study was conducted on 60 fecal swabs collected from 60 ornamental birds in Urmia. Giemsa staining and molecular polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing, using genus-specific primers to amplify a 580-base pair (bp) fragment of the ompA gene, were performed on the samples. Results: The Chlamydia molecule was detected in 11.7% of budgerigars with gastrointestinal symptoms and in 5.88% of apparently healthy budgerigars. Additionally, the infection was detected in 11.11% of cockatiels, 14.28% of mynahs, 20% of canaries, and 11.11% of finches, but not in other species. Conclusion: The results of this study demonstrate the presence of the Chlamydia bacterium in ornamental birds in Urmia, which can be considered a source of infection for gastrointestinal diseases.

birds are the most popular pet animals kept by humans in many areas of the world. Budgerigars, Canaries, Lovebirds, and Cockatiels are the most common pet birds. Zoonotic diseases are one of the most critical concerns related to pet birds worldwide. The people at the most risk of zoonoses are immunocompromised patients, veterinarians, pet bird owners, pet bird shops, and workers in pet exhibitions. Zoonotic diseases are transmitted via the fecal-oral, inhalation, and vector-borne routes. Zoonotic pathogens infect humans through direct or indirect contact with infected birds, contaminated birds’,cages, food dishes, or droppings. Several bacterial, viral, parasitic, and fungal zoonoses are known in pet birds. Some zoonoses, such as highly pathogenic avian influenza, salmonellosis, and chlamydiosis, have significant public health risks that lead to serious human diseases. Newcastle disease and giardiasis are minor zoonoses that cause self-limiting infections in humans. Salmonellosis and campylobacteriosis are food-borne zoonoses with global importance in human health. Biosecurity and hygiene, cleaning and disinfecting bird cages, and using human protective equipment can help to control zoonoses in birds and humans.

Al-Hallaj is one of famous figures in Islamic mysticism (Sufism). His special ideas and biography were always the scope of discussion during his life and upon his demise. Many mystics and poets were influenced by his thought. One of these figures is Attar, the mystic poet who has paid special attention to al-Hallaj, and has reproduced al-Hallaj’s thought in various ways in his birds Conversation. Presenting some evidence, the author in this essay explores al-Hallaj’s influence on Attar.

Analyzing mythical content analysis of myths is one of the most important issues in the field of folk tales research. birds are so important to humans in the distant past that they have been present even in the myths of different nations. In this research and by adopting the content –analysis research methodology, the authors have tried to investigate mythical content of birds among Luri’s myths gathered around Chahārmahal and Bakhtiāri, Kohgiluye and Boyer Ahmad and Lorestan provinces. The objective of the current study is to analyze the functions of birds on the one hand and the manner the mythical beliefs can influence the birds’ place on the other hand. In this research and in comparison with mythological beliefs, the authors have studied the reasons for the transformation of the roles of certain birds in Luri’s myths. The results showed that out of a total of 140 Luri’s myths in 48 myths, birds such as eagle, Simorgh, crow, owl, swan, pigeon and asparagus are present with positive functions among Luri’s myths which may indicate their popularity among the people. It is worthwhile to mention that mythological and religious beliefs alongside the eco system exert the great influence on the place and function of the birds.